Question 1

Tire Uniformity Test

Accepted Answer

A tire uniformity test machine is designed to measure force variation, run out, and sidewall appearance. This basic sketch shows a QKL proportional pressure regulator being used to inflate the tire for testing and maintaining pressure as the load wheel test is accomplished.

Our proportional pressure regulator is best suited for this application due to its high flow rate, fast response time, and high accuracy. Our regulators are capable of modulating from 2 bar to 65 bar with accuracy of 0.25% FS. (higher pressure range can be customised upon request)

QKL electronic pressure regulator can directly replace:
Proportion Air ( QB3H, QBS, GX, QBX, QPV, QB2 ), Festo ( VPPM, VPPL, VPPE, VEAA, VEAB, VEMD ), SMC (ITV1000, ITV2000, ITV3000), Clippard (Cordis), and ASCO (Sentronic)

URL:
https://www.genndih.com/proportional-valve.htm

Question 2

Tube Extruding

Accepted Answer

Two QKL proportional pressure regulators are being used to extrude rubber tubing. One pressure regulator is controlling positive to control the inner diameter of the tube and the other QKL electronic pressure regulator is controlling vacuum around the tube to control tube thickness and outer diameter. These two pressure control devices work together to set and maintain the wall thickness of the tube.

Our proportional pressure regulator is best suited for this application due to its high flow rate, fast response time, and high accuracy. Our regulators are capable of modulating from 2 bar to 65 bar with accuracy of 0.25% FS. (higher pressure range can be customised upon request)

QKL electronic pressure regulator can directly replace:
Proportion Air ( QB3H, QBS, GX, QBX, QPV, QB2 ), Festo ( VPPM, VPPL, VPPE, VEAA, VEAB, VEMD ), SMC (ITV1000, ITV2000, ITV3000), Clippard (Cordis), and ASCO (Sentronic)

URL:
https://www.genndih.com/proportional-valve.htm

Question 3

Tire White Wall Grinder

Accepted Answer

White wall and raised letter tires are still produced in large numbers for certain markets. A tire white wall grinder is used to remove the black layer of rubber over the white layer as part of the manufacturing process. In essence, to reveal the white layer behind the black.

This sketch shows a QKL proportional valve inflating the tire and maintaining the ideal pressure throughout the grinding process. A second QKL proportional pressure regulator is controlling pressure to the cylinder that is applying force to the tire. The force must be precise and consistent, or the grinder will remove too much and ruin the tire.

Our proportional pressure regulator is best suited for this application due to its high flow rate, fast response time, and high accuracy. Our regulators are capable of modulating from 2 bar to 65 bar with accuracy of 0.25% FS. (higher pressure range can be customised upon request)

QKL electronic pressure regulator can directly replace:
Proportion Air ( QB3H, QBS, GX, QBX, QPV, QB2 ), Festo ( VPPM, VPPL, VPPE, VEAA, VEAB, VEMD ), SMC (ITV1000, ITV2000, ITV3000), Clippard (Cordis), and ASCO (Sentronic)

URL:
https://www.genndih.com/proportional-valve.htm

Question 4

Thickness Compensation and Ultrasonic Welding

Accepted Answer

QKL proportional pressure regulators are used in a variety of applications:
1. Power brake verification
2. Thickness compensation
3. Ultrasonic welding
4. Tyre manufacturing
5. Material solidity testing
6. Endosopic operations pressure adjustment

Our proportional pressure regulator is best suited for these applications due to its high flow rate, fast response time, and high accuracy. Our regulators are capable of modulating from 2 bar to 70 bar with accuracy of 0.25% FS. (higher pressure range can be customised upon request)

QKL electronic pressure regulator can directly replace:
Proportion Air ( QB3H, QBS, GX, QBX, QPV, QB2 ), Festo ( VPPM, VPPL, VPPE, VEAA, VEAB, VEMD ), SMC (ITV1000, ITV2000, ITV3000), Clippard (Cordis), and ASCO (Sentronic)

URL:
https://www.genndih.com/proportional-valve.htm

Question 5

Reeling Machine and Belt Grinder

Accepted Answer

QKL electronic pressure regulators are widely used in these applications:
1. Belt grinder or pneumatic press - contact pressure control
2. Reeling machine - tension control
3. Load-bearing beam - cylinder pressure control
4. Welding tongs
5. Brake pressure profile validation
6. Metering of adhesives

We have been offering different customised pressure regulation solution to our customers.

Our proportional pressure regulator is best suited for this application due to its high flow rate, fast response time, and high accuracy. Our regulators are capable of modulating from 2 bar to 65 bar with accuracy of 0.25% FS. (higher pressure range can be customised upon request)

QKL electronic pressure regulator can directly replace:
Proportion Air ( QB3H, QBS, GX, QBX, QPV, QB2 ), Festo ( VPPM, VPPL, VPPE, VEAA, VEAB, VEMD ), SMC (ITV1000, ITV2000, ITV3000), Clippard (Cordis), and ASCO (Sentronic)

URL:
https://www.genndih.com/proportional-valve.htm

Question 6

Plastic Thermoforming

Accepted Answer

Consistent vacuum control is most important in plastic thermoforming applications. In this drawing, one QKL proportional pressure regulator is controlling vacuum in a plastic thermoforming application. Two other QKL proportional pressure regulator assist with the ejection of the plastic once the process is complete.

Question 7

電空レギュレータ

Accepted Answer

https://genndih.jp.taiwantrade.com

●電空レギュレータとは?

—電空比例弁やデジタル電空レギュレータとも呼ばれます

—電空レギュレータは供給圧力の影響を受けない電気的（デジタル）コマンドシグナルに比例した空気圧力を出力します。

・当社の電空レギュレータを使う効果は？
当初の電空レギュレータはクローズドループ設計を採用しており、2つのソレノイドバルブ、内圧センサーと電子制御で構成されています。アナログ信号入力によると、一方の電磁弁は吸気を制御するために使用され、もう一方は圧力を制御するために使用されます。両方のバルブが連携して、より正確な比例圧力制御を実現します。比例圧力レギュレータは、0-10VDC、4-20mA、またはRS485 modbusの3種類の入力信号と、1-5V、0-10V、または4-20mAの3種類のモニター出力信号を採用しています。

・私共では流量の異なる３種類の電空レギュレータを提供しております。

低圧レンジ– 0.2 MPa、0.8 MPa、1.8 MPa
中圧レンジ– 2MPa、3MPa
高圧レンジ– 7 MPa

詳細はこちらをご覧ください
https://www.genndih.com/download/proportional-valve.htm
(当社ホームページ)

・電空レギュレータの主な用途

張力制御
レーザー切断
ブロー成形
ガラス製品
タイヤ製品

・最適な電空レギュレータを選ぶには
以下をご確認ください

入力圧力
出力圧力範囲
排気方法、容器内での排気かどうか
容器内での排気の際はその容量。

Question 8

Электронный регулятор давления

Accepted Answer

https://genndih.ru.taiwantrade.com

●Что такое электронный регулятор давления?

Электронный регулятор давления подает давление воздуха, пропорциональное электрическому командному сигналу, на которое не влияют изменения давления питания.

・ Как работает пропорциональный регулятор давления?
В нашем электронный регулятор давления используется замкнутый контур, и он состоит из двух клапанов с электромагнитным управлением, внутреннего датчика давления и электронного управления. В соответствии с аналоговым входным сигналом один клапан с электромагнитным управлением применяется для управления подачей воздуха, а другой — для регулирования давления. Оба клапана работают совместно для обеспечения точного пропорционального регулирования давления. Пропорциональный регулятор давления использует три типа входных сигналов: 0–10 В пост. тока, 4–20 мА или RS485 modbus и три типа выходных сигналов мониторинга: 1–5 В, 0–10 В или 4–20 мА.

・Что мы предлагаем?
Мы предлагаем три типа пропорциональных регуляторов давления с разными скоростями потока воздуха.
Диапазон низкого давления: 2, 8 , 16 бар
Диапазон среднего давления: 20 - 30 бар
Диапазон высокого давления: 70 бар

Ознакомьтесь с нашим каталогом
Ознакомьтесь с нашим каталогом
https://www.genndih.com/download/proportional-valve.htm
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlaSzQS0dNY

・ Каковы основные применения пропорциональный регулятор давления?

Регулирование натяжения
Лазерная резка
Выдувное формование
Оборудование для обработки стекла
Оборудование для работы с шинами
И многое другое...

・ Как выбрать подходящий электронный регулятор давления?
Пожалуйста предоставьте:

Давление воздуха на входе
Диапазон давления воздуха на выходе
Отвод воздуха в атмосферу или закрытый контейнер
Если в закрытый контейнер, укажите объем

Question 9

Screen printing of electronic air pressure regulator

Accepted Answer

At present, silicon solar cells occupy most market of photovoltaic power, and are very important in terms of efficiency improvement and cost control. As an important part of silicon battery production, the screen printing of silicon battery electrodes directly affects the competitiveness of screen printing equipment in the market on the accuracy, efficiency and cost of printing equipment.

Screen printing is to attach a stencil with an image or a pattern to the screen for printing. When the substrate is placed directly under the screen with the stencil, the screen printing ink or paint passes through the extrusion of the squeegee. The mesh in the middle of the screen is printed on the carrier. One of the most important steps is the precision and pressure of the squeegee drop, which directly affects the layer thickness and shape of the printing, and even causes the silicon wafer to be damaged because the drop distance of the squeegee is too large. Therefore, the control of the squeegee is an important part of screen printing. The proportional pressure valve manufactured by KaoLu provides a comprehensive solution for screen printing equipment manufacturers with the advantages of high precision and high response.

KaoLu’s electronic air pressure regulator controls the corresponding pressure by controlling the input signal, and the output controls the corresponding movement of the cylinder to push the scraper speed to accurately drop to the required height, and transmit it to the controller in real time through the feedback signal. This is a method of pre-calculating the electronic air pressure regulator, which uses the linear characteristics of the electronic air pressure regulator to accurately control the pressure of screen printing blade to meet the accuracy required by the power system of screen printing machine. KaoLu’s electronic air pressure regulator adopts new technology, which enables it to achieve high control accuracy, and is widely used in the printing industry at present. KaoLu’s electronic air pressure regulator uses pneumatic components and semiconductor sensors to improve accuracy and response by adjusting the proportional pressure signal. The pressure control system of screen printing machine is composed of a electronic air pressure regulator, a screen printing scraper, a touch screen, a cylinder and a programmable logic controller. The schematic diagram is as follows:

Set the working pressure of silk screen scraper on the touch screen, the PLC controller will calculate and convert it into the digital quantity required by the analog output module, and the analog output module will output a certain voltage value to the proportional pressure valve. The electronic air pressure regulator will output the pressure according to the voltage signal, and the internal pressure sensor detects that the set pressure value is reached, that is, the pressure adjustment is completed.

Proportional pressure valves are not only used in the screen printing machine industry, but KaoLu’s electronic air pressure regulator can be widely used in industrial applications, automotive industry, inkjet industry and blow molding industry.

If you have any needs or questions, please subscribe to our YouTube channel or contact us to learn more about proportional pressure valves.
https://www.genndih.com

Question 10

Application of proportional pressure regulator in Bonding Machine

Accepted Answer

The function of bonding machine is to directly bond the flexible circuit board or cable to the electrodes on the edge of liquid crystal glass. That is, the process of installing flexible circuit boards and cables on liquid crystal glass. Therefore, the quality of bonding machine will directly affect the productivity of LCD glass and the service life of the LCD screen.

Technical parameters of bonding machine:
1. Air source pressure: 0.5~0.7MPa
2. Binding pressure: 3~40Kgf
3. Pressure accuracy: ±0.2Kgf
4. Binding temperature: RT~499℃
5. Hot pressure time: 1~99 S 6. Hot pressure accuracy: 0.14mm

The working process of bonding machine:
1. ACF pre-paste: Under the pressure and temperature by working requirement, the flexible circuit board (FPC) and the liquid crystal glass need to be bonded to the pins of ACF with a specified length, and the surface should be flat and free of air bubbles.

2. Pre-bonding: Align the pins of FPC and the liquid crystal glass through the CCD camera, and pre-press at the required pressure and temperature to form a preliminary connection. In this step, the alignment of CCD camera is an important link. As the pitch of lifting leads is getting smaller and smaller in production, the small pitch has reached 0.05MM, and the alignment accuracy should be within ±0.005mm.

3. Main bonding: Under the required pressure and temperature, the pre-bonded LCD screen is subjected to the main bonding by using a pulse hot press. At the same time, the glue in the ACF is polymerized and hardened at high temperature to form a strong physical connection between the two different materials.

Detection of bonding machine: The LCD screen after the main bonding is detected through CCD camera.
1. Temperature control: The heating rate and the maximum temperature are both important factors affecting the curing of ACF. The heating rate determines the surface quality of ACF after curing, and the maximum temperature determines the bonding strength of ACF after curing.

2. Flatness of the bonding head: The unevenness of the bonding head causes the ACF conductive particles to be unevenly broken, because the ACF conductive particles are very small, usually about 4um in diameter, and the ACF is very sensitive to pressure. When the contact surface of the bonding head is not flat, part of the ACF conductive particles will be completely broken, while another part of the ACF conductive particles will not be broken normally, resulting in poor electrical conductivity between the liquid crystal glass and the FPC.

Proportional pressure regulator control principle:

1. When the equipment is in standby, the solenoid valve controls the cylinder to rise, and the proportional valve is in the exhaust state.

2. When working, the solenoid valve controls the cylinder to descend, and the proportional valve controls the pressure when the cylinder descends. The proportional valve can be adjusted in real time according to the bonding process. If you have any needs or questions, please subscribe to our YouTube channel or contact us to learn more about proportional pressure regulator.
https://www.genndih.com

Question 11

Application of Proportional Pressure Regulator in Dispensing Industry

Accepted Answer

In recent years, with the rapid development of industrial robots and industrial automation, it has promoted the development of dispenser technology and the demand for dispenser equipment in downstream markets, such as: 3C electronics, automotive, etc. For dispensing equipment manufacturers, in addition to making the equipment highly intelligent, it is also necessary to ensure the stability of dispensing control system and the precise control of quantity.

With the continuous improvement of technical requirements in the dispensing industry, the stability of glue volume is very important. Proportional pressure regulators have become an integral part of modern dispensing equipment and dispensing controllers. With the advantages of high precision and high stability, the proportional pressure regulators made by KaoLu enables the dispensing machine to precisely control the amount of glue dispensed from the needle.

KaoLu’s proportional pressure regulators controls the corresponding pressure output of proportional pressure valve by controlling the input signal. When gas enters the main valve through the air inlet, the air inlet is isolated from the air outlet due to the sealing of valve core, so that the gas enters the pilot valve through the corresponding flow channel. The gas pressure changes, and the gas flowing out of pilot valve passes through another flow channel, pushing the valve core to move down, so that the air inlet and the air outlet are connected. At this time, the pressure sensor will detect the outlet pressure, and transmit the data to processor. The processor compares the difference between actual pressure value and calibrated pressure value, and dynamically adjusts the pressure to be the same.

If you have any needs or questions, please subscribe to our YouTube channel or contact us to learn more about pressure proportional valves.
https://www.genndih.com

Question 12

Technological Performance and Application Fields of New Electronic Pressure Regulator

Accepted Answer

Introduction of KaoLu electronic pressure regulator:
The electronic pressure regulator is to adjust the cross-sectional area of the regulator core according to the size of control signal so as to achieve the process goals and requirements of adjusting the flow rate. The electronic pressure regulator of KaoLu optimizes the process performance, makes the structure compact and lightweight, and improves the requirements of stable performance and control accuracy.

Printing paper packaging industry
The contact roller is easy to slip during the process of winding the paper, which will cause some troubles for the subsequent correct cutting of paper. The main reason for this is the generation of accurate roller clamping pressure. Usually the higher the clamping pressure, the higher the tension and the tighter the roll. Different paper materials and quality require different roller clamping pressures for winding. The paper roll tightness information is transmitted to the main control system through the sensor, and the main controller compares it with the preset pressure value and outputs it to the electronic pressure regulator to adjust accordingly. The final output of suitable braking force ensures the smooth realization of paper rolling process and cutting process.

Grinding Industry
The grinding equipment usually adjusts the pressure of the grinding disc on the workpiece through a high-performance pressure control mechanism. In order to meet the ever-increasing customer demand, it is necessary to provide more precise grinding size and more efficient grinding speed, which have put forward higher requirements for the pressure controller. The electronic pressure regulator usually controls a grinding disc to repeat grinding action by outputting a stable pressure. The closed-loop control characteristics of the electronic pressure regulator provides an effective guarantee for a lower damage rate of the grinding equipment and a more accurate grinding pressure output.

Welding
In the field of automatic welding, in order to achieve high-speed, stable, and impact-free welding, the welding torch can contact the surface of the object for welding. The electronic pressure regulator can make the pressing force change steplessly according to the material and welding procedure, optimize the welding process, and ensure the final welding strength.

Machinery and equipment manufacturing industry
Stable, continuously varying pressure output is critical for equipment manufacturers such as winders and wire drawing machines. The roller must ensure that as the radius of the roller increases, the tension controlled by the swing arm decreases accordingly. The electronic pressure regulator can provide a high-precision variable pressure according to the pre-setting of the upper computer, and this pressure can control the displacement of cylinder to realize the swing arm, thereby controlling the tension change and ensuring the successful realization of uniform winding.

Rubber and plastic molding equipment industry
Forming and extrusion equipment is a common equipment in the field of rubber and plastic materials. Electronic pressure regulators are one of the key control elements in this type of equipment. In the entire thermoplastic process, the electronic pressure regulator can accurately output a continuous cut-off pressure to ensure that the forming production process is consistent, and the products are uniform and standard.

Custom measurement and control equipment
Some professional non-standard testing equipment and testing machines for airtight components can perform tests such as airtight performance testing, leak detection, dynamic response, etc., and electrical control components such as electronic pressure regulators are often required to execute the analog simulation control signal output by the controller, record the response of tested components and systems, and finally evaluate the performance of components/systems.

Spray and Lamination
For industrial sites that need spraying, such as automobile industry, sports equipment, packaging, etc., it is necessary to provide precisely controlled variable pressure to control spraying parameters such as switch, atomization, fan width, etc. to ensure uniform surface; for lamination technology, different materials are required. The end result is a consistent appearance, avoiding warping. All of this is reached because an electronic pressure regulator provides precise and constant pressure to the actuator.

Fluid Process Control
The pneumatic diaphragm pump is often used to pump the pressure of corrosive and high viscosity liquids to the pneumatic diaphragm pump, and finally achieve the purpose of infinitely controlling the pressure change of the pump port. In this way, the flow rate of liquid output from the pump port also changes accordingly, so as to reach the purpose of precise control of liquid.

Question 13

Application of Replacing Existing Electronically Controlled Pressure Regulator in Parallel Robot

Accepted Answer

The concept of parallel robot is based on the Steward platform used for flight simulation driving in 1965, and was proposed by Hunt, a well-known Australian institution professor, in 1978. At present, many experts and scholars have done a lot of theoretical and practical research in this field.

Compared with serial robots, parallel robots have the advantages of high stiffness, high load-to-weight ratio, uniform load distribution, no accumulation of position errors, and easy force feedback. It is suitable for occasions with high precision, large load and relatively small working space requirements.

At the same time, due to the great improvement in performance and function of pneumatic components, and with the development of science and technology such as electronics, materials, control theory and sensors, electronically controlled pressure regulator control technology has also been rapidly improved. The electronically controlled pressure regulator control system with proportional/servo control valve as the core can reach the high-precision control of continuous change of pressure and flow, and can meet the flexible production requirements of automation equipment. It makes the application of pneumatic drive in parallel robots possible.

The structure is composed of upper and lower flat joints, and the flat joints are connected by a set of telescopic connecting rods with ball joints at both ends, so that the upper platform can move and rotate in three-dimensional space. Most parallel robots use screw rods or electro-hydraulic servo cylinders as motion actuators. Because the motions between the drive units of the parallel robot cannot be independent of each other, they must maintain a very strict combination relationship. The motion error of any link will lead to control failure. In our study, the hydraulic controlled pressure regulator is replaced by a more tolerant electronically controlled pressure regulator as the transmission medium of the parallel robot actuator.

1. The extended position of the cylinder is obtained by the analog solver in the upper computer and transmitted to the lower computer.

2. The lower computer converts it into voltage (0~10v) through the D/A card and outputs it to the electronically controlled pressure regulator.

3. The electronically controlled pressure regulator controls size and direction of the opening according to the magnitude of voltage, and outputs the accurate gas flow to cylinder to promote the movement of the piston.

4. The moving position of piston is detected by the displacement sensor, and the feedback voltage of displacement sensor is output to the lower computer through the A/D card; the gas pressure at both ends of the piston is detected by the air pressure sensor, and the feedback voltage is output to the lower computer through A/D card.

5. The lower computer adjusts the control voltage of the electric proportional valve in real time according to the feedback value, so that the cylinder can reach the position accurately. 6. The position signal of the platform is fed back to the upper computer by position sensor, and the position of platform is further corrected by the upper computer.

In the entire control process, the focus is on single-cylinder control system. The experimental schematic diagram of the single-cylinder control system is shown in the following figure.

For the electronically controlled pressure regulator control system, the state single-cylinder control has better control characteristics; adding PI control in the optimal state feedback can significantly increase the stiffness of system and improve the tracking performance of system. It has good track tracking performance in the frequency range of 0.1Hz to 5Hz. The object of this test is the test platform model of the automobile suspension system, which does not require very high displacement accuracy, and is more sensitive to the speed and acceleration response speed. After the large cylinder is adopted, the load of whole system is greatly increased. The frequency response of system can reach 5~10Hz, which can meet the requirements of the test platform.

The 6-DOF parallel platform mainly composed of cylinder and electric proportional valve is adopted, which avoids the difficulty of control caused by the strict motion combination relationship between the six actuators required by hydraulic pressure and screw rod, and ensures the speed and acceleration response sensitivity. Simultaneous use of air cylinders and electronically controlled pressure regulator can greatly reduce costs, noise and pollution.

Question 14

Electropneumatic Proportional Valve and Control Valve

Accepted Answer

Electropneumatic proportional valve is referred to as proportional valve, ordinary pneumatic valve can control the fixed value of equipment through pre-adjusted liquid flow pressure and flow. The feedback is reached by continuous changing speed of slow, fast and slow, or by simulating a good control curve with a certain precision to realize the force control. The ordinary pneumatic valve is controlled by pneumatic system of electropneumatic proportional valve.

Control valve consists of two main assemblies: valve body assembly and actuator assembly (or actuator system), which are divided into four series: single-seat series control valve, double-seat series control valve, sleeve cylinder series control valve and self-operated series control valve. Variations of four types of valves can lead to many different applicable configurations, each with its own specific applications, features, advantages and disadvantages. While some control valves are used in a wider range of applications than others, control valves are not suitable for all applications to work together to create the best solution for enhanced performance and reduced cost.

The electropneumatic valve is a pneumatic component that drives the valve core by an electromagnetic coil, while the control valve is a component that generates electromagnetic force through electromagnetic induction. The greater the current of the control valve, the greater the thrust, so will different energization currents for the common solenoid valve coils make the original on-off valve become a proportional valve?

This problem is obviously negative. Generally speaking, the internal processing of ordinary solenoid valves cannot achieve the processing accuracy of proportional valves. In addition, its internal structure does not consider too many parameters such as pneumatic pressure balance. Therefore, when the electromagnetic force is not large, the valve core cannot be stabilized in the transition position, and the electromagnetic switch valve cannot represent the proportional performance. Or the proportional performance of the solenoid switch valve is very inconspicuous. Therefore, the design and manufacturing process of proportional valves must be very different from those of on-off valves, requiring more investment in research and development.

Another question: For the same proportional valve, can the drive current of the solenoid coil be directly powered by the DC model without using the proportional amplifier? This method is possible in principle. The variable resistance signal can be used for coil control. However, it will waste a lot of energy, and at the same time, it will be accompanied by a lot of heat, and there will be no flutter and current when the valve core moves. Due to the feedback effect, the performance of the valve cannot be optimized.

In addition to the internal current feedback of the amplifier, the high-frequency dither signal is also an important function. The high-frequency flutter signal can keep the proportional spool vibrating at all times, so that it can overcome the influence of static friction and try to eliminate the influence of hysteresis on its performance.

A proportional amplifier is an electronic device used to provide a specific performance current to a proportional electromagnet, and to perform open-loop or closed-loop regulation of an electropneumatic proportional valve or electropneumatic proportional control system. So, what performance does the so-called specific performance current refer to?

To sum up, using a proportional amplifier can achieve the following functions: control the amount of current applied to the coil by the valve, set the minimum and maximum input signal of the proportional valve, set the minimum and maximum output current, and also set the ramp-up and ramp-down time, and finally set The frequency of the dither signal is obtained through the built-in current negative feedback function.
For further information about electropneumatic valve, please visit:
https://www.genndih.com/proportional-pressure-regulator.htm

Question 15

How to classify proportional valves?

Accepted Answer

1. According to the controlled parameters

The parameters controlled by a proportional valve include pressure, flow and direction, etc. There are proportional valves that control one parameter (single parameter, single function), and there are proportional valves that control two or multiple parameters.

Proportional pressure regulator including proportional pilot pressure regulator, proportional relief valve, proportional pressure reducing regulator, proportional sequence valve, etc., all are proportional valves that input electrical signals to control the pressure parameters (single parameter) of pneumatic system. There are various suppliers of proportional pressure regulator on the shelf, like the ones as Festo, SMC, Proportion-Air, Asco and many more. KaoLu is specialized in supplying high resolution, high pressure range, and high speed regulator series.

Proportional flow valve including proportional throttle valve, proportional speed control valve, proportional one-way speed control valve, etc., it is also a single parameter control valve. Also mentioned main players are Clippard, Bosch Rexroth AG, Burkert, etc. KaoLu offers stepper motor driven proportional flow control valve that features high repeatability, high resolution and low hysteresis.

Proportional directional (directional flow) valve is a multi (two) parameter control valve, which simultaneously controls the flow rate and flow direction of the liquid flow according to the magnitude and direction of the input electrical signal.

Multi-function proportional valve is a multi-parameter control valve, which is a compound valve that combines pressure compensator and pressure valve on the basis of proportional directional valve. According to the magnitude and direction of the input electrical signal, the flow of the circuit and the direction of the oil flow are simultaneously controlled, and because the pressure compensator is installed, the flow of the control circuit is not affected by the load change, regardless of the load change. In addition, due to the combination of the pressure valve, it can also be used to control the maximum working pressure of the hydraulic system to achieve a variety of control functions.

Proportional pressure regulator is also a multi-parameter proportional control valve, which combines pressure and flow control together, and through a balance valve (pressure compensation valve), the pressure at both ends of the throttle valve orifice remains unchanged.

(2) According to the control method
This mainly refers to the classification according to the electro-mechanical conversion method in the pilot control valve of the proportional valve. Its electric control part has various forms such as proportional electromagnet, torque motor (mobile and suspension type) and DC servo motor.

Electromagnetic type refers to a proportional valve that uses a proportional electromagnet as an electro-mechanical conversion element. The proportional electromagnet converts the input current signal into mechanical output, that is, output force and displacement, and then controls parameters such as pressure, flow and direction.

Electric type refers to a proportional valve that uses a DC servo motor as an electromechanical conversion element. The DC servo motor converts the input electrical signal into the rotational speed of the rotary motion, and then outputs the force and displacement through the reduction device and conversion mechanism such as screw nut, rack and pinion or cam to control the output hydraulic parameters.

The electro-pneumatic type refers to a proportional valve that uses a torque motor and a nozzle-baffle structure as the pilot control stage. Input different electrical signals to the torque motor, and output displacement or angular displacement through the baffle (sometimes the armature of the torque motor is the baffle) connected with it.

(3) According to the installation position of electronic amplifier and the proportional valve body
• Separate type (the proportional valve body is separated from the electronic amplifier);
• Type with electronic amplifier (electronic amplifier is integrated on the proportional valve body).

(4) According to sensor with and without displacement The valve with displacement sensor can reach closed-loop displacement control of the valve, and its steady-state error ( hysteresis, sensitivity) is better than that of the servo valve without displacement sensor (electrical feedback).

(5) According to the valve core structure There are spool valve type, poppet valve type and cartridge type structure. For the proportional valve with large flow, the structure of the cartridge valve is mostly used.

Question 16

The difference between proportional valve and servo valve

Accepted Answer

The proportional valve is mostly electrical feedback. When there is a signal input, the main spool drives the displacement sensor connected to it to move. When the feedback displacement signal is equal to the given signal, the main spool stops moving and the proportional valve reaches a new balance of position.

There are two types of servo valves: mechanical feedback and electrical feedback. Generally, the frequency response of the servo valve with electrical feedback is high, and the frequency response of the servo valve with mechanical feedback is slightly lower, and the action is basically the same as that of the proportional valve.

Difference: The input power of the general proportional valve is relatively large, basically ranging from several hundred mA to more than 1 amp, while the input power of the servo valve is relatively small, basically tens of mA. The control accuracy of the proportional valve is slightly lower, and the hysteresis is higher than that of the servo valve. The valve is large, and the control precision of the servo valve is high, but the requirements for the oil are also high.

From the structural understanding, the spool of the proportional valve is balanced by electromagnetic force, hydraulic pressure and spring force. While the servo valve is balanced by hydraulic pressure, so the proportional valve has no advantage in controlling large flow and high pressure. The earliest product of proportional valve is open, which should be the reason why it is called proportional valve. Otherwise, servo valve is more widely used in application, not only can be used for precise position, speed and other control, but also has a follow-up function. The power steering of car is a follow-up servo system, which is difficult to achieve with proportional valves.

The up and down movement of the oil cylinder can be reached by switching the oil circuit by the valve at different positions. This type of valve can be reached by using an ordinary reversing valve, and the function of servo or proportional valve is not only to control the direction of oil cylinder, but also to precisely control the opening of valve, so that the flow can be precisely controlled (the working state remains unchanged).

The feedback of valve can only determine whether the valve is in place accurately, but cannot control the state of system, because even if the opening of valve is accurate, the actual flow into actuator is also affected by pump pressure, pipeline consumption, load changes, etc. Therefore, to reach accurate position of speed control, another loop avoidance loop - system closed loop is required. For position and speed, there are now formed speed and position control boards to achieve. Some people say that "no matter how accurate it is, it is only a problem of the valve itself, but it is difficult for the controlled object", which is true, but the displacement of actuator does not correspond to the displacement of servo spool, because the valve core opens the oil port after the valve is opened. Even if it is not in motion, the actuator will always maintain the motion, just like the faucet at home, the water will flow continuously when you turn it on.

The proportional valve does not have the closed-loop position of spool of the servo valve. It is a simplified design form that relies on a large and precise control of the amount of current supplied to the proportional spool to control the relatively accurate spool position. The proportional valve does not need to be equipped with a fixed actuator, and the precise realization of position and speed control still requires a closed-loop system. For further information about proportional valve, please visit https://www.genndih.com/proportional-pressure-regulator/low-pressure-proportional-regulator-0-8bar.html

Do both proportional valves and servo valves need amplifiers? Is the input control signal 4-20MA or 0-10V? Is there no -10V-+10V, which means that its action direction is realized by the two coils acting respectively to change the oil circuit, not by its input control signal, is that so?

The input control signals of proportional valve and servo valve are 4-20MA, 0-10V, -10V-+10V, among which the current input signal has strong anti-interference, but the corresponding price is expensive, the internal coil can be one or two. Many three-way valve uses only one coil and controls the positions on both sides by voltage inversion. The three-way valve usually has two coils arranged on both sides of the three-way valve, but the coils can be controlled individually or in series or in parallel. In fact, it is difficult to distinguish between proportional valve and servo valve. Maybe the only difference is the driving method. The servo valve is a torque motor, the proportional valve is a proportional coil, the servo valve is a nozzle baffle, the response is high, and the proportional valve is a spool valve, but when it comes to the control accuracy of proportional valves may be higher. Especially in two-pole feedback valves, because the proportional valve feedback of the pilot is an electrical displacement sensor, and the servo valve is a mechanical feedback rod, so some parameters such as repeatability, hysteresis ring, linearity proportional valve is better than servo valve.

Question 17

LAMINATING PRESSES

Accepted Answer

Our customer is a laminating press machine equipment manufacturer. Through the design and use of an electronic air pressure regulator, the pressure control of mold press is controlled. Since the thickness of products to be pressed is different, it will be sensed through a sensor. The sensed signal is fed back to the PLC through software settings, and the command signal is sent to the electronic air pressure regulator for proper pressure adjustment and stabilization. The digitally controlled electronic air pressure regulator can be effectively used in such related equipment.

Question 18

Glass handling in glass manufacturing site

Accepted Answer

Our customer is glass substrate factory manufacturing company. The design is to adjust the stroke of cylinder through an electronic pressure regulator. There is a rubber roller on the cylinder axis. The roller will be used to clamp the glass, so two sets of such designs are required. Due to the different sizes of glass, the clamping force will be controlled according to the thickness of glass, and the force will be controlled between the glass that will not be damaged and can be horizontal and fixed. Through the electronic pressure regulator control, this condition can be effectively achieved.

Question 19

Comparison of proportional pressure regulators

Accepted Answer

The proportional pressure regulator is a type of valve used to control the pneumatic pressure in the pneumatic system or through the pressure input signal. Proportional pressure regulators mainly include relief valve, pressure reducing valve and sequence valve. This article would introduce what are the similarities and differences between these three valves, how they are used in the system, how the controlled pressure changes, and so on.
(1) The relief valve is divided into a direct-acting relief valve and a pilot-operated relief valve.
The pilot valve of the pilot-operated relief valve is a small-flow direct-acting relief valve. The pressure reducing valve is also divided into a direct-acting pressure reducing valve and a pilot-operated pressure-reducing valve. The pilot valve of the pilot-operated pressure-reducing valve is not a direct-acting pressure reducing valve, but a direct-acting relief valve with a small flow. The sequence valve also has a direct-acting sequence valve and a pilot-operated sequence valve. The pilot valve of the pilot-operated sequence valve is not a direct-acting sequence valve, but also a small-flow direct-acting relief valve. That is to say, the pilot valve of the pressure control valve is a direct-acting relief valve with a small flow.
(2) Comparison of pressure reducing valve and relief valve
The pressure reducing valve is controlled by the outlet pressure to ensure that the outlet pressure is a fixed value. The relief valve is controlled by the inlet pressure to ensure that the inlet pressure is a fixed value. Both are valves that control the air pressure in the pneumatic system.
The valve port of the pressure reducing valve is normally open. The valve port of the relief valve is normally closed. The pressure reducing valve has a separate exhaust port. The leaking oil in the spring chamber of the relief valve is drained to the outlet through the flow passage in the valve body. The pressure reducing valve has the same remote control port as the overflow valve.
(3) The pressure of each valve under different working conditions
Suppose: the pressure generated by the load F is pF, the pressure set by the relief valve is pY, and the set pressure of pressure reducing valve is pJ, and pJWhen pFWhen pF≥pJ, p=pJ, the relief valve works, the inlet pressure of the relief valve and the pump outlet pressure are pY.

The sequence valve is divided into internal control and external control. The external control sequence valve is a valve controlled by a pressure signal. It is an on-off valve. The internal control sequence valve has different uses and functions. They are introduced separately below.

Internal control and external leakage, used as sequence valve
Suppose: the pressure generated by the load F is pF, the pressure set by the relief valve is pY, and the set pressure of the sequence valve is pS.
When pYpressure of the relief valve.
When pY≥pS
When pS≥pF, p=pF

When pSWhen pF
When pF≥pY, p=pY

Internal control and internal leakage have the same symbol as the relief valve, and also have the same function. External control internal leakage and external control external leakage sequence valve, their control pressure has nothing to do with the pressure before and after the valve. When the control pressure is greater than the pressure set by the external control sequence valve, the pressure before and after the valve is equal. When the control pressure is less than the pressure set by the external control sequence valve, the primary and secondary pressures are determined according to their own loads.

For further information about KaoLu proportional pressure regulator or proportional pressure reducing valve, please visit https://www.genndih.com/proportional-pressure-regulator.htm

Question 20

Application of solenoid valve in automatic transmission

Accepted Answer

Application of solenoid valve in automatic transmission
When it comes to automatic transmission, its driving convenience, power and comfort are more and more approved by consumers. The working principle and components of automatic transmission have also attracted more attention. The application of solenoid valve in automatic transmissions will be introduced in this article.

Hydraulics and solenoid valves in automatic transmissions
No matter it is a DCT, AT or CVT automatic transmission, the mainstream technical solutions are indispensable to the hydraulic system. The hydraulic system accepts the signal from controller, outputs oil pressure or flow, and acts on the actuator. The functions of hydraulic system mainly include: controlling the clutch, synchronizer or band pulley to reach the change of transmission ratio, controlling the state of torque converter clutch, and controlling the cooling and lubrication of the system. The performance of hydraulic system directly affects the smoothness of shifting and fuel economy of the entire vehicle, and is an important part of automatic transmission.

In the hydraulic system, the solenoid valve, which as an actuator, reaches the transformation from electrical signals to hydraulic signals, and controls the pressure and flow in the hydraulic system. It is a key component in the hydraulic system.

Classification and application of solenoid valve
The solenoid valve is divided into pilot control and direct drive control in the hydraulic system. The control pressure and flow of the pilot solenoid valve are relatively low, and the actuator cannot be directly driven, only the pilot control pressure is provided. The direct-drive solenoid valve has a larger electromagnetic force than the pilot valve, and control pressure and flow can directly drive the actuator. The hydraulic system using the direct-drive solenoid valve reduces the number of mechanical valves and simplifies the structure of system. Another solenoid valve product is the proportional electromagnet. Compared with other solenoid valves, the proportional electromagnet only has the electromagnetic part, which provides electromagnetic force. The hydraulic part is integrated on the hydraulic valve body. It is designed by customers according to the needs of the specific system. It has higher flexibility, but at the same time increases the integration difficulty of the hydraulic system.

Pilot control method: → Standard solenoid valve + mechanical valve
Advantage: Strong robustness
Disadvantage: 1. Many valves 2. Complex structure of system

Direct drive electromagnet control method: → Direct drive electromagnet + mechanical valve
Advantage: High flexibility
Disadvantage: Difficult integration

Direct drive electromagnet control method: → Solenoid valve drive actuator directly
Advantage: 1. Simple structure of system 2. High precision
Disadvantage: High cost

The introduction of proportional pressure regulator
Bleed type valve:
As shown in the figure below, the valve core is affected by hydraulic pressure, spring force and electromagnetic force. The balance state determines the valve core position, thereby determining the area of drain port. The pressure of control chamber at the left end depends on the input pressure, the input orifice and the area of the drain port determined by the variable adjustment surface. Therefore, the bleed valve achieves the effect of controlling the pressure by controlling the electromagnetic force. Since the Bleed valve regulates the pressure through overflow, the leakage of this valve is relatively large, and the control pressure is more sensitive to the fluctuation of input pressure.

Spool type pressure valve:
As shown in the figure below, ignoring the influence of hydraulic power, the spool of
pressure valve is affected by the spring force, electromagnetic force and hydraulic
feedback force. Under the stable condition, the spool is in a balanced condition. The
electromagnetic force is positively related to the control current of solenoid valve.
Since the characteristics of the spring are fixed, in equilibrium, the electromagnetic
force determines the output pressure. Therefore, the solenoid valve converts the
current signal into a pressure signal.

Electronic Proportional Pressure Regulator Applications